What is Coronary Bypass Surgery?

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is a method used to treat coronary artery disease. Coronary artery infection (CAD) is the restricting/narrowing of the coronary arteries — the veins that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. CAD is caused by the development of greasy material inside the walls of the arteries. This development narrows the inside of the arteries, restricting the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

One method for treating the blocked or limited arteries is to bypass the blocked portion of the coronary vein with a piece of a healthy blood vessel from somewhere else in your body. Blood vessels, or grafts, utilized for the bypass procedure may be pieces of a vein from your leg or an artery in your chest. An artery from your wrist may also be utilized. Your primary care physician attaches one end of the graft over the blockage and the opposite end below the blockage. Blood bypasses the blockage by going through the new grafts to arrive at the heart muscle. This is called the bypass surgery.

Generally, to bypass the blocked coronary artery, your doctor makes an enormous cut in the chest and briefly stops the heart. To open the chest, your doctor lengthwise cuts the breastbone (sternum) in half and spreads it. When the heart is exposed, your primary care physician inserts tubes into the heart so the blood can be pumped through the body by a heart-lung bypass machine. The bypass machine is important to pump blood while the heart is stopped.

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